树莓派常用配置

cooolr 于 2023-01-30 发布

编辑网卡配置信息

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

将wlan0的部份修改为:

auto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid "TP-LINK_365464"
wpa-psk "password"

有线网卡静态地址

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.134.45
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.134.254

设置dns

sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.1.253
nameserver 119.29.29.29

或者把命令加进/etc/rc.local

echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.253'>>/etc/resolv.conf
echo 'nameserver 119.29.29.29'>>/etc/resolv.conf

修改软件源

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

删除原文件所有内容,用以下内容取代:

deb <http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/> jessie main contrib non-free
deb-src <http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/> jessie main contrib non-free

更新软件源

sudo apt-get update

配置中文

安装中文字体

sudo apt-get install ttf-wqy-zenhei

安装拼音输入法

sudo apt-get install scim-pinyin

配置config

sudo raspi-config
选择zn/utf-8语言、时区

windows下远程桌面

sudo apt-get install xrdp

http同步系统时间

sudo date -s "$(curl -sD - www.baidu.com | grep ^Date: | cut -d' ' -f3-6)Z"

pptp搭建vpn

1、安装pptpd

sudo apt-get install pptpd

2、配置IP池,编辑/etc/pptpd.conf

去掉注释#
localip 192.168.1.1    #Server端指定的地址
remoteip 192.168.1.100-250    #Client端分配的IP段

3、设置DNS,编辑/etc/ppp/pptpd-options

去掉注释#
ms-dns 119.29.29.29
ms-dns 119.29.29.29

#nodefaultroute注释掉

4、添加VPN帐号密码,编辑/etc/ppp/chap-secrets

格式:lr        pptpd     123456    *
      用户名    服务名    密码      分配的虚拟ip

5、开启ip转发,编辑/etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

然后执行:sudo sysctl -p

6、在iptables添加NAT规则

sudo iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j TCPMSS --set-mss 1356
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

7、重启pptpd服务

sudo service pptpd restart

8、加进/etc/rc.local

sudo iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j TCPMSS --set-mss 1356
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.4.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo service pptpd start

开机发送ip到电脑

使用飞鸽
import socket
udp=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
udp.connect(('192.168.134.22',2425))
udp.send('1:100:raspberry:raspberry:32:hello world')

安装nat123端口映射

1、本地环境更新

sudo apt-get update

2、安装mono

sudo apt-get install mono-complete

3、下载安装包

wget  <http://www.nat123.com/down/nat123linux.tar.gz>

4、安装screen

sudo apt-get install screen

5、启动

screen -S nat123
mono nat123linux.sh

新建用户

首先启用root

sudo passwd root
sudo passwd --unlock root
su root

添加用户和组

groupadd lr
useradd -g lr -d /home/lr lr

添加sudo权限,编辑/etc/sudoers 把pi改为lr

我觉得raspi-config也要配置一下

安装 mplayer 播放器

sudo apt-get install mplayer

mplayer 1234.mp3

创建播放列表:

ls $HOME/music > music.lst

播放

mplayer -playlist music.lst

搭建无线ap

1、安装hostapd服务和udhcpd服务

sudo apt-get install hostapd
sudo apt-get install udhcpd

2、修改/etc/network/interfaces

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

3、配置udhcpd,编辑/etc/udhcpd.conf

start 192.168.1.2 # This is the range of IPs that the hostspot will give to client devices.
end 192.168.1.254
interface wlan0 # The device uDHCP listens on.
remaining yes
opt dns 8.8.8.8 4.2.2.2 # The DNS servers client devices will use.
opt subnet 255.255.255.0
opt router 192.168.1.1 # The Pi's IP address on wlan0 which we will set up shortly.
opt lease 864000 # 10 day DHCP lease time in seconds

4、编辑/etc/default/udhcpd

注释掉
#DHCPD_ENABLED="no"

5、编译hostapd

wget <https://github.com/cnsworder/RTL8188-hostapd/archive/master.zip>
解压
cd hostapd
make;make install

6、修改/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

# Basic configuration

interface=wlan0
ssid=raspberry
channel=1
#bridge=br0

# WPA and WPA2 configuration

macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=3
wpa_passphrase=000rlwwdt
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

# Hardware configuration

driver=rtl871xdrv
ieee80211n=1
hw_mode=g
device_name=RTL8192CU
manufacturer=Realtek

7、编辑/etc/sysctl.conf,启用ip转发

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

8、配置防火墙

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT

到这里路由的NAT功能已经被启用,我们将刚才配置的iptables保存下来以便于下次使用:

sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
编辑/etc/network/interfaces然后在最后加上下面这行以使每次启动都自动加载iptables配置:

up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

9、重启

测试一下
sudo hostapd -dd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
没错则有wifi了

10、设置hostapd的配置文件路径

sudo vi /etc/default/hostapd
去掉注释符号并改动下面这行为我们的配置文件路径:
DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

11、开机自启

写入/etc/rc.local

sudo service hostapd start
sudo service udhcpd start

安装konqueror浏览器

sudo apt-get install konqueror

nslookup命令

sudo apt-get install dnsutils

安装本地dns缓存系统

sudo apt-get install -y dnsmasq

配置,编辑/etc/dnsmasq.conf

domain=raspberry.local
resolv-file=/etc/resolv.dnsmasq
min-port=4096
server=8.8.8.8
server=8.8.4.4
cache-size=10000

启动

sudo service dnsmasq restart

挂载U盘

查看U盘

ls /dev/sda*

挂载

sudo mount -o uid=pi,gip=pi /dev/sda4 /mnt/usb

卸载

sudo umount /mnt/usb

安装chrome浏览器和flash

这一步必须要先修改源,并update和upgrate 但是我忘记了是修改哪个源才能安装了

安装Chromium浏览器

sudo apt-get install chromium

可选择安装本地汉化

sudo apt-get install chromium-l10n

获取flash player for armv7:

wget <http://odroidxu.leeharris.me.uk/repo/chromium-pepper-flash-12-12.0.0.77-1-armv7h.pkg.tar.xz>
xz chromium-pepper-flash-12-12.0.0.77-1-armv7h.pkg.tar.xz -d
tar -xvf chromium-pepper-flash-12-12.0.0.77-1-armv7h.pkg.tar

解压安装

cd ./usr/lib/PepperFlash
chmod +x *
sudo cp * /usr/lib/chromium/plugins

修改配置文件

sudo nano /etc/chromium/default
修改最后一句为
CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--ppapi-flash-path=/usr/lib/chromium/plugins/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=12.0.0.77 -password-store=detect -user-data-dir"
保存
进入chromium输入chrome://plugins查看flash是否添加到插件里,是否开启。